Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
71409 => 7 1 4 0 9
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
7 to 1 => 6
1 to 4 => 3
4 to 0 => 4
0 to 9 => 9
9 to 7 => 2
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
6 => N
3 => N
4 => N
9 => C
2 => N
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
N N N C N = NNNCN