Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
83537 => 8 3 5 3 7
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
8 to 3 = 5
3 to 5 = 2
5 to 3 = 2
3 to 7 = 4
7 to 8 = 1
Step 3: Combine the filters to a string:
5 2 2 4 1 = 52241