Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
50523 => 5 0 5 2 3
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 0 => 5
0 to 5 => 5
5 to 2 => 3
2 to 3 => 1
3 to 5 => 2
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
5 => N
5 => N
3 => N
1 => C
2 => N
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
N N N C N = NNNCN